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Client-side technology means that it is operated by the client in a client server relationship in a computer network.

A computer application (a web browser) is a client program that runs on a local computer and connects to a server. Operations may be performed client-side because they require the access to information or functionality is available on the client but not on the server.  The user performs the operations without sending data over the network; it is not so time consuming and risky than performed on the server.

Modern web browsers can request and receive data using HTTP (HyperText Transfer Protocol) and FTP (File Transfer Protocol) protocols. Users can choose a number of client programs or write their own server, client, and communication protocol, which can be used only together.

Such client-side programming as Javascript can be used to run checks on form values and send warnings to the user’s browser. The disadvantage of client-side technologies is the limit of control and operating systems as well as web browsers problems.

Programs that do not send or receive data over a network are not clients, and so the operations of such programs are not client-side operations.

Server-side operations are performed by the server in relationship with client in a computer networking. Server-side technologies perform operations of processing and storage of data from a client to a server, which can be viewed by a group of clients.

A server is a software program (a web server), for a distant server, that local computers can reach for different purposes.  In this case local computer demands access to information or functionality on the server to perform operations.

Client-side programming on the client computer has some advantages such as fewer security risks. Still server-side programming is more secure and is preferred by most programmers. Server-side programming offer more possibilities for languages than client-side.

Ajax is a good example of technology that uses both client-side scripting and server-side scripting. Ajax acts like a client-side script that calls a server-side script. This is a new and worth trying technology that will save you time and efforts.

Cascading Style Sheets technology gives Web site developers and users more control over how pages are displayed. Designers and users with CSS can create style sheets that define how different elements, such as headers and links, appear. These style sheets can be applied to any Web page.

The term cascading means that multiple style sheets can be applied to the same Web page.

CSS is made to separate document content (usually written in HTML language) from document presentation, (layout, colors, and fonts). This enlarges content accessibility and allows better control in the specification of presentation characteristics, lessens complexity and repetition in the structural content. CSS technology offers possibility to the same markup page to be presented in different styles for different rendering ways, (it can be presented on-screen, in print, by voice).

CSS specifies cascade priorities or weights are calculated and assigned to rules, so that the results are predictable.

Every style sheet contains a list of rules. Each rule consists of selectors and a declaration block. Selectors are used to declare which of the markup elements a style matches to; they apply to all elements of a specific type, or only those elements that match a certain attribute.

HTML and CSS are the Hypertext Markup Language and Cascading Style Sheets – two main technologies for constructing Web pages. HTML makes the page structure; CSS makes an arrangement of visual and aural parts for a variety of devices. HTML and CSS can be called the main principles of constructing Web pages and Web applications.

In more details HTML provides us with such features as:

1.     Possibility to publish online documents with headings, texts, tables, lists, photos, and videos.

2.     You can get online data through hypertext links.

3.     The use of design forms for conducting transactions with remote services makes it easy to search necessary things online, order products, etc.

4.     HTML also adds video clips, sound clips, and other applications directly in the documents.

CSS technology- Cascading Style Sheets is used to describe the presentation of Web pages –colors and layout. CSS technology transforms screen sizes and other features for the presentation to different types of devices. HTML and CSS can be used separately it is called the separation of structure (content) from presentation.